Odysseus Returns

Is King Odysseus, the Trojan-horse-building genius in Homer’s epic poem The Iliad, merely a figure of ancient fiction — or was he a flesh-and-blood man? In 1991, Makis Metaxas, a local politician on the Greek island of Kefalonia, discovers a 3000-year-old Mycenaean tomb. However, the discovery is soon embroiled in controversy, and Makis embarks on his own odyssey to convince the world he is right.

Ismini Milliaresis describes the dig that took place on her family's land on Kefalonia in 1992. The discovery of a large, beehive-shaped tomb raised hopes that this might be the final resting place of a Bronze-Age Mycenean king. After clearing the debris, archeologists expected to find burials. However, the floor of the tomb was empty … until they realized the floor was not really a floor.

Homer calls Odysseus “King of the Ithacans.” But there are no Mycenaean ruins on modern-day Ithaki. Why? At other places Homer writes about in the Iliad and the Odyssey, like Mycenae and Pylos, archeologists have found the remains of powerful cities. More than 150 years of excavations on the island of Ithaki have yielded nothing. Perhaps that’s because they were looking in the wrong place.

The 1992 excavation of the tomb Makis Metaxas found on Kefalonia gives up an incredible piece of evidence. At the lowest level of a series of graves, Greek archeologist Lazaros Kolonas finds gold jewelry and a royal seal made of fine rock crystal. The image carved on it – a dog attacking a fawn – is uncannily similar to Homer’s description of Odysseus’ royal symbol.

An amateur historian, Makis Metaxas, claims he found the bones of Odysseus, the hero of Homer’s epic poem, the Odyssey. But the discovery is soon embroiled in controversy, and Makis embarks on his own odyssey to convince the world he is right.

Makis Metaxas believes Odysseus' kingdom was in his hometown on the island of Kefalonia. In 1991, while he was mayor of the small port of Poros, he and his wife Hettie Metaxas-Putman Cramer read geographic clues in Homer to develop a theory on the location of the ancient kingdom of Ithaca. Then Makis spent six months walking around looking for the large rocks used in Mycenaean buildings.